Research Objectives
Batteries are a $63 billion global industry. Where consumers have gotten used to having more capability and more power at their fingertips, batteries are and will be the preferred energy storage solution for a long time to come. Manufacturers of all types of commercial products ? from microchips to cell phones, lawnmowers to automobiles, medical implants to cordless power tools - would benefit from battery technology with better performance that is lighter, smaller, cheaper, safer and greener. Battery manufacturers are developing new generations of batteries, in various form factors, for existing and emerging markets:

·	Batteries with more energy in smaller packages: flexible and lightweight thin-film and/or screen-printed batteries for tiny electronic systems and emerging micropower energy-harvesting devices, where macro trends and market trends are converging around ecosensititives and low-power devices.
·	Larger-format but lighter-weight rechargeable batteries with greater power, higher energy, longer runtimes and better safety profiles: for the transportation industry and advancing the market for plug-in hybrid and all-electric vehicles.
·	Ultra-large advanced batteries for storing energy from renewable, sustainable sources: for electric utility grid services and clean-energy generators like wind turbines and solar panels.
·	Alternative, hybrid energy storage devices with attributes of both a battery and either an ultracapacitor or a fuel cell: potentially ground-breaking future energy storage devices that may be superior to any batteries commonly used today.

Commercial companies, start-ups and universities are all working on new battery designs that rely on new materials and new chemistries. Some of their technologies are available to OEMs and product designers already. Others are struggling to move into the production phase and may see their plans delayed by the global recession. Some may never succeed as mainstream products at all. The sheer number of companies and R&D centers active in battery development, and their varied approaches, are an indication, however, that this is a competitive market with potentially lucrative opportunities for battery makers in years to come.

This report's primary focus is technologically advanced secondary (rechargeable) batteries in both large and small format. The report covers advanced technologies as replacements for NiCd and NiMH, especially advanced lithium-ion batteries that make use of new electrode materials and electrolytes. It also covers printable batteries and thin-film battery stacks as enablers of micropower applications, and hybrid battery/fuel cell systems that are emerging as complements to consumer electronics batteries. Tables and charts are used to give a big picture of the future growth potential for advanced battery technologies based on the leading markets (applications). The report includes profiles of 25 commercial (a few of them public) and development-stage companies and their products and business strategies. Another 12 commercial and/or university-based R&D centers are covered.

Findings and forecasts are based on a mix of primary and secondary research sources. Fuji-Keizai USA conducted first-person telephone interviews with select U.S.-based battery manufacturers. We focused on companies with 1) innovative technology, 2) commercial potential as measured by relationships with customers or partners, and 3) venture capital interest. We further surveyed publicly available documents and white papers of battery companies, third-party investor reports, academic research literature and technical documents from the U.S. Department of Energy to assess state-of-the-art technical challenges and goals.

Definition and Characteristics of Next-Generation Batteries
Next-generation batteries are technologies that have higher power density and higher energy density, are safer, and can be put in new form factors - with the expectation that they can also be put into mass production targeting lower costs. Ideal characteristics are:

· Smaller form factor (the amount of space in a device reserved for batteries)
· Low weight
· More customizable shapes (flexibility)
· Longer cycle life (10,000 to 15,000 charges vs. <1,000 for existing batteries)
· Shorter recharge times (e.g., recharging to almost full capacity in just minutes)
· Composed of novel electrode materials, including nanomaterials
· Improved tolerance for extreme high and low temperatures
· Operationally safe
· Environmental friendly (i.e., nontoxic)
· Targeted to high-value and/or high-growth markets and applications
· Eventual reduced cost (e.g., potentially one-tenth the cost of today's NiMH
  or Li-ion batteries)


Table of Contents

1. Battery Market Overview
  1.1 Battery Industry Structure
  1.2 Battery Industry Supply Chain
  1.3 Microbattery and Large-Format Battery Suppliers
  1.4 Venture Capital and Future Funding Outlook
    1.4.1 U.S. Battery Alliance: Collaborative Industry Approach with Support from Government

2. Technology Overview   2.1 Ongoing Diversity of Lithium Batteries
    2.1.1 Solid-State Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Electrolyte Technology
    2.1.2 Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON): Thin-Film Microbatteries
  2.2 Next-Generation Li-ion
    2.2.1 Lithium Iron Phosphate
    2.2.2 Lithium Titanate
    2.2.3 Li-ion + Nanotechnology
  2.3 Lithium Challengers: Nickel-based Batteries
    2.3.1 NiMH
    2.3.2 Nickel Zinc
  2.4 Lithium Challenger: Zinc Power
    2.3.4 Silver Zinc
    2.4.3 Zinc Air
  2.5 Printed Batteries
  2.6 Alternative Energy-Storage Technologies
    2.6.1 Ultracapacitors
    2.6.2 Fuel Cells

3. Application Overview   3.1 Common Applications
    3.1.1 Consumer Electronics: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
    3.1.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2008-2012 Global Forecast
  3.2 Special Applications (Industrial, Commercial, Professional)
    3.2.1 Low-Power Wireless Devices: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
      3.2.1.1 Future (Emerging) Applications for Microbatteries
    3.2.2 Cordless Power Tools: 2008-2012 Global Battery Market Size
    3.2.3 Stationary Power: 2008 Global Battery Market Size, by Region
  3.3 Emerging Application: On-Grid Storage (Large-Scale Stationary)
    3.3.1 Solar Energy: 2008-2012 Global Annual Installation Capacity (megawatts)
    3.3.2. Competitive Technologies for Short-Term Renewable Energy Storage and Grid Frequency Stabilization

4. Maker/Developer, Start-Up & University/R&D Center Market Map

5. Market Forecast 2008-2016
  5.1 Big Picture: Global Battery Market: 2008 vs. 2016
  5.2 Total Battery Market Forecast, by Product Segment
    5.2.1 Primary Lithium, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
    5.2.2 Li-ion Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
    5.2.3 Microbatteries, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
    5.2.4 NG Li-ion and Competitors, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
    5.2.5 Hybrid Systems for Consumer Electronics Power, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016

6. Market Share
  6.1 Market Share, by Major Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
  6.2 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
  6.3 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
  6.4 Market Share, Thin-Film and Printed Batteries/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016

7. Ongoing R&D and Development Trends, by Product Segment
  7.1 Lithium-based Batteries
    7.1.1 Materials R&D
    7.1.2 Large-Format Li-ion
    7.1.3 Future: Lithium Air and Lithium Organic
  7.2 Microbatteries
  7.3 Nickel Batteries
  7.4 Zinc Batteries
  7.5 Other R&D

8. Market Drivers and Inhibitors
  8.1 Fragile Economy
  8.2 Environmental, Legislation and Regulatory Drivers
  8.3 Applications Drivers
  8.4 Technology and Advanced Materials Drivers
  8.5 Cost-Related Drivers and Inhibitors
    8.5.1 Materials Cost and Processing
    8.5.2 Large-Format Batteries: Cost and Infrastructure Barriers
    8.5.3 Microbatteries

9. Key Findings
  9.1 Applications as the Driving Force
  9.2 Timeline for Market Development: 2008-2016
  9.3 Post-Li-ion

10. Commercial Companies
  10.1 A123 Systems
  10.2 Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc.
  10.3 AlwaysReady, Inc. / mPhase Technologies
  10.4 Blue Spark Technologies (formerly Thin Battery Technologies, Inc.)
  10.5. Boston-Power, Inc.
  10.6 Cymbet Corporation
  10.7 Electrovaya, Inc.
  10.8 Enable IPC Corp. (EIPC)
  10.9 EnerDel (subsidiary of Ener1, Inc.)
  10.10 Excellatron Solid State LLC
  10.11 Imara Corp.
  10.12 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS)
  10.13 Lilliputian Systems, Inc.
  10.14 Lithium Technology Corporation (LTC)
  10.15 Nanoexa Corporation
  10.16 Planar Energy Devices, Inc.
  10.17 Power Air Corp. (PAC)
  10.18 PowerGenix Corporation
  10.19 Power Paper, Ltd.
  10.20. Quallion LLC
  10.21 SAFT Group
  10.22 Solicore, Inc.
  10.23 Ultralife Batteries, Inc.
  10.24 Valence Technology, Inc.
  10.25 ZPower, Inc. (formerly Zinc Matrix Power)

11. Universities or R&D Centers
  11.1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Organosilicon Research Center
  11.2 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
  11.3 Stanford University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
  11.4 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
  11.5 University of Texas-Austin (UTA), Material Science and Engineering Lab
  11.6 Physical Science, Inc. (PSI)
  11.7 MIT Materials Science and Engineering
  11.8 University of Rochester
  11.9 University of Massachusetts-Boston
  11.10 Laboratoire de Reactivitet Chimie des Solides (Laboratory of Reactivity and Chemistry of Solids)
  11.11 Ohio State University (OSU)
  11.12 CFD Research Corporation

List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Worldwide Energy Storage Market Size, 2008 ($M)
Figure 1.2 Worldwide Rechargeable Battery Manufacturing Concentration, by Region
Figure 1.3 VC Funding for Battery Start-ups (2002-2008)
Figure 2.1 Typical Thin-Film Battery Structure
Figure 2.2 Zinc-air batteries are a type of fuel cell.
Figure 3.1 Consumer Electronics: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
Figure 3.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2008-2012 Global Forecast
Figure 3.3 Low-Power Wireless Devices: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
Figure 3.4 Microbatteries Complement Energy Harvesting.
Figure 3.5 Cordless Power Tools: 2008-2012 Global Battery Market Size
Figure 3.6 Stationary Power: 2008 Global Battery Market Size, by Region
Figure 3.7 Solar Energy: 2008-2012 Global Annual Installation Capacity (megawatts)
Figure 5.1 Primary Lithium, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
Figure 5.2 Li-ion Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
Figure 5.3 Microbatteries, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
Figure 5.4 NG Li-ion and Competitors, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
Figure 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Consumer Electronics Power, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016 (Approx. $M)
Figure 6.1 Market Share, by Major Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
Figure 6.2 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
Figure 6.3 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
Figure 6.4 Market Share, Thin-Film and Printed Batteries/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
Figure 7.1. Potential Future Li-ion Battery Structure

List of Tables
Table 1.1 Public Companies in the Energy Storage Market
Table 1.2 Key Battery Industry Participants
Table 1.3 Global Race for Automotive-Class Li-ion Batteries: Developers and Competing Chemistries
Table 1.4 Top VC Deals in Energy Storage (2008)
Table 2.1 Established and Emerging Lithium Battery Chemistries
Table 2.2 Characteristics of Li-Phosphate and Li-Titanate Electrodes
Table 2.3 Surveyed Companies and R&D Centers with Nano-engineered Battery Development
Table 5.1 Big Picture: Global Battery Market: 2008 vs. 2016
Table 5.2 Total Battery Market Forecast, by Product Segment
Table 7.1. Advanced Materials for Next-Generation Li-ion
Table 7.2. Battery Performance Requirements for Mobile vs. Transportation vs. Grid
Table 7.3. Li-air and Li-based organic batteries: promises and R&D challenges
Table 7.4. Potential (Future) Alternatives to Li-ion Under Consideration
  

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